Browse Items (1845 total)

The platform of the Chicago Emergency Federation (CEF) includes various peace proposals, including a league of nations, international arbitration treaties, arms control, international courts, democratic control of foreign policies, an end to secret…

Addams speaks at a mass meeting at the Central YMCA regarding peace between the United States and Mexico. Resolutions attempting to bring peace between the two countries are passed. The resolutions ask for the suspension of military and naval…

In the essay "Peace on Earth," published in the Christmas edition of The Ladies' Home Journal, Addams writes about international arbitration and a world court as well as the monetary costs for the up-keep of armaments. Addams also addresses social…

1859-early 20th century
Roswell van Buskirk created his popular Sozodont (from the Greek “save” and “teeth”) in 1859, advertising its power to improve teeth, gum, and breath (as in the ad below, c. 1900). As early as 1880, dentists began…

1868-?
John Eliot Jeffords started his pottery in 1868, quickly gaining a reputation for Rockingham, yellowware, and majolica. An 1888 advertisement for Jeffords Porous Cells is below. The company was around until at least 1904, but it is unclear…

1890-?
Frank Baum developed Eskay’s Albumenized Food for babies needing to gain weight in the last quarter of the 19th-century; in 1890, he was commissioned by the pharmaceutical firm Smith, Kline & French to manufacture the product. An 1899…

1885-1904
Edward Everett started in the glass industry by buying Newark Star Glass, which he renamed after himself in 1885; he sold the company to the Ohio Bottle Company (a corporation he also led) in 1904.
RRH

1888-1904
Boyd’s Genuine Porcelain Liners were patented in 1869, originally in colorless glass, then milk glass in 1871. Marion Fruit Jar and Bottle Company was one of many glass manufacturers to produce these; the company specialized in fruit…

Addams shares with her friend Emily Balch her disappointment at not having won the Nobel Peace Prize herself.

At Recital Hall, on Michigan Avenue, in Chicago, Addams gives an address in which she is critical of the government's having rounded up and arrested, for the purpose of deportation, suspected radicals affiliated with socialist, anarchist, and other…

Addams, Alice Hamilton, and a group of Quakers from the United States and England visit Germany and survey the efforts of the Society of Friends to relieve hunger. In Leipzig, they observed hungry and malnourished school children and speak with…

The announcement of the final terms of the war settlement stun Addams and the other delegates, who pass resolutions rejecting the treaty and calling for major revisions of it. The delegates also rename their organization the Women's International…

A foreboding of the Red Scare, Archibald Stevenson, a staffer of a New York State Senate sub-committee investigating German propaganda during the First World War, produces a list of "Radicals and Pacifists," which includes Addams and her long-time…

Since the outbreak of the war in Europe, Addams has been at the forefront of the peace movement. From international conferences to meetings and essays, Addams has fine-tuned her ideas on internationalism. She promotes international leagues for…

In the weeks that follow, Addams is criticized by some women peace activists in Europe for her having withdrawn, in 1915, from her leadership role in opposing the war. She also comes under attack from opponents of the peace movement. Among them is…

The United States Food Administration is established in August of 1917 for the purpose of relieving starvation in war-torn Europe. President Wilson appoints Herbert Hoover, the former head of the Belgian Relief Organization, to run the effort. (In…

The American Union Against Militarism and the Fellowship of Reconciliation – Addams sits on both boards – agree to create a new National Civil Liberties Bureau to fight for free speech and the rights of conscientious objectors. Addams agrees to…

The speech is later published under the title "Patriotism and Pacifists in War Time” in The City Club Bulletin 10 (16 June 1917): 184-190. The negative response to Addams opposition to the war - and especially the United States blockading the…

Addams delivers a speech, “Pacifism and Patriotism in Time of War," in May, in Chicago, before the Chicago City Club, and again in Evanston (on June 10), at the First Congregational Church (1445 Hinman Avenue). She receives fierce criticism in the…

Congress adopts the Conscription Act and the Espionage Act. During hearings for both the conscription legislation, Addams and others ask, without success, for Congress to add an exemption for draft-age men who have ethical or broadly religious…

Ending his policy of neutrality, President Wilson goes before Congress and asks for a formal war declaration against Germany. Congress passes a war declaration on April 6. The Senate passes the resolution 82-6. The House also does so, 373-50.

News of German subs sinking three American ships as well as German secret negotiation with Mexio come up before Wilson declares war. Addams and Mary ? spend the month in a large estate in Flordia.

Addams calls on peace activists to telegram President Wilson to express their support for a national referendum on the war. Addams and others - the Committee of Five - are sent by the Emergency Peace Federation to meet with Wilson at the White House…

The Emergency Peace Federation holds a mass meeting at the Raliegh Hotel. From there, members plan to visit Congress in protest against the declaration of war. The American Union Against Militarism also conducts a referendum nation-wide. At the same…

Wilson calls for a negotiated end to the war and speaks of the creation of an international institution to keep the peace. Germany accepts Wilson's terms, but Wilson says Kaiser Wilhelm's endorsement is "empty and insincere." (Quoted in Lynn, Jane…

After reading of Addams' illness and her treatments in a newspaper, President Wilson sends her flowers and wishes her a speedy recovery in a personal letter. The one dozen American Beauty Roses from the White House Conservatory are sent to the home…

The party meets to discuss a wide variety of subjects including actions neutral nations can take to shorten the war, military training, and foreign investments. The business sessions discuss the creation of a joint committee to study relations…

Upon her return to Chicago from convalescence in Colorado and California, Addams is contacted by President Wilson, former President Theodore Roosevelt, and a representative of Charles Evans Hughes, all of whom are seeking her endorsement for their…

In testimony before the United States House of Representative's Military Affairs Committee, Addams opposes steps toward military preparedness, especially an immediate increase in military spending, arguing that the United States does not face an…