1885-1966
Bowman Dairy Co. first came to Chicago in 1885, an outgrowth of a St. Louis milk venture; six years later, Bowman was concentrated in Chicago alone. In early years, Bowman was known for its horse-drawn wagons distributing milk (pictured…
1857-Present
Sanford’s Manufacturing Company was founded in Massachusetts in 1857 and moved to Chicago in 1866. The company sold a range of products, but was best known for its ink (as the 1920 ad below attest); in the 1940s, the company changed…
A piece of Belleek pottery found in the Charnley-Persky House Archaeological Project, showing a first period black mark, dating its manufacture between 1863-1890.
1852-present
E. H. Sargent was established in 1852; a bottle embossed with the company’s name was found at the Charnley-Persky House in 2010. In 1875, Sargent began marketing through a catalog, the first recorded mail order solicitation for…
George Bush Sr. declares May 1, 1991, as Loyalty Day, calling upon "all Americans to observe that day with appropriate ceremonies in their homes, in schools, and in other suitable places." The proclamation quotes from the Pledge of Allegiance.
Congress absorbs the costs of printing 24,500 copies of the song "Pledge of Allegiance," 22,000 copies of which are set aside for use by the House of Representatives.
A New York Times article from March 9, 1937, describes students engaged in a Nazi-style salute of the flag.
"Row Raised Over New Pledge to Flag With Extended Arm—Principals Assail Idea
"A new type of flag salute, recommended by the State…
Rep. James Fulston of Pennsylvania introduced a resolution to a "civil rights clause" to the Pledge of Allegiance, which would read as follows: "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands,…
"A Library of Congress report said today that evidence about the disputed authorship of the pledge of allegiance to the flag is overwhelminly in favor of the late Francis Bellamy." From a New York Times article dated September 13, 1957.
The governor of New York vetoed a measure requiring school children to salute the flag every day at school. He feared that required recital "presented the danger that the pledge of allegiance and the salute would become 'habitual' and 'lose the…