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                <text>Glass sherds from a jar made by the Ball Corporation, found at the Charnley-Persky House. </text>
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                <text>The neck of a bottle of Alexis Godillot Jeune's olive oil, produced in Bordeaux, France, found at the Charnley-Persky House. </text>
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                <text>1868-?&#13;
 Dr. J. Parker Pray’s story is inextricably tied to that of his first wife, Mary E. Cobb. Having been trained as a manicurist shortly after their 1874 marriage, Cobb opened her first salon in 1878. Pray was originally a chiropodist, but had expanded into manufacture of podiatry and toilet goods in 1868. The company split in two after the couple’s 1884 divorce, with Pray marketing himself as “the originator of Manicure Art and Goods in America.”  Pray remained in business into the 1920s, selling mostly toilet creams and powders (as in the 1912 ad below), but it is unclear when the company folded. &#13;
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                <text>1837-present&#13;
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                <text>All photographs are the property of the Swarthmore College Peace Collection.</text>
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                <text>Senate Declares June 14, 2004 as "National Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag Day"</text>
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"But today is also special for another reason. As the resolution also notes, today is the 50th anniversary of the modern version of the Pledge of Allegiance. The pledge has come under attack in recent years, however. Two years ago, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the Federal court of appeals based in San Francisco, ruled in the case of Newdow v. United States Congress, 328 F.3d 466 (9th Cir. 2002), that the establishment clause of the first amendment of the Constitution forbids public school teachers from leading willing students in the voluntary recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance, simply because the pledge confirms that our Nation was founded ‘‘under God.’’  &#13;
&#13;
The Senate discussed the benefits of having a National Pledge of Allegiance Day.  "The majority opinion does state that, ‘‘as its history illustrates, the Pledge of Allegiance evolved as a common public acknowledgement of the ideals that our flag symbolizes. Its recitation is a patriotic exercise designed to foster national unity and pride in those principles.’’ This passage suggests that the majority would uphold the Pledge of Allegiance against constitutional attack under the establishment clause. I hope that that is ultimately what the Court will do. I hope that the Court will ultimately vote to uphold and protect the Pledge of Allegiance. "</text>
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                <text>"Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent the Senate proceed to the immediate consideration of H. Con. Res. 131 at the desk and just received from the House."&#13;
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                <text>This law review conducted by the Chicago-Kent College of Law examines the relationships between free speech, the right of parental choice in a child's upbringing, and the right of the State to establish patriotism in public schools. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"On July 23, 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit dealt with such a question in &lt;em&gt;Frazier v. Winn&lt;/em&gt;. In that case, the court appropriately affirmed that children's right to free speech is only as expansive as their parents allow, justified by the parents' fundamental right to rear their children as they see fit." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Citation: Jocelyn Floyd, The Power of the Parental Trump Card: How and Why Frazier v. Winn Got It Right, 85 Chi.-Kent. L. Rev. 791 (2010).</text>
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                <text>This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact &lt;a href="%20mailto:dginsberg@kentlaw.iit.edu." target="_blank"&gt;dginsberg@kentlaw.iit.edu&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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